Who was the chosen 12th Apostle?

Have you wondered why Shaul in his introductory letters introduces himself as an apostle by the will of Aluahym? In Galatians he introduces himself as an apostle not of the sons of men or by sons of men but through Yahusha the Mashiyach and Aluahym the Ahba. In 1Tim1:1 he introduces himself as an apostle according to the commandment of Aluahym, in Philemon he calls himself a prisoner of Mashiyach as he witnessed to Anisimos who was Philemon's slave when in prison, Anisimos had fled from his master Philemon and Shaul was writing a letter of appeal to take him back. So, we see mostly Shaul introducing himself in his letters as apostle of Yahusha the Mashiyach by the will of Aluahym.

Rom1:1 Polos (Shaul), a servant of  Yahusha the Mashiyach, called to be an apostle and set apart to the Good News of Elohim,

1Cor1:1 Polos (Shaul) is called as an apostle of Yahusha the Mashiyach by the will of Elohim, and Sostenis our brother,

2Cor1:1 Polos (Shaul), an apostle of the Mashiyach Yahusha by the will of Elohim, and Timothios our brother, To the assembly of Elohim which is at Qorintos with all the saints who are in Akaya:

Gal 1:1 Polos (Shaul), an apostle (not of the sons of men nor by sons of men, but through Yahusha the Mashiyach and Elohim the Father, who raised Him from the dead),

Eph1:1 Polos (Shaul), an apostle of  Yahusha the Mashiyach by the will of Elohim, to the holy ones who are located at Ephesos and who are faithful in the Mashiyach Yahusha.

Col1:1 Polos (Shaul), an apostle of Yahusha the Mashiyach by the will of Elohim, and Timothios our brother,

1Tim1:1 Polos (Shaul), an apostle of the Mashiyach Yahusha  according to the commandment of Elohim our Savior, and of the Adon Yahusha the Mashiyach, our hope.

2Tim1:1 Polos (Shaul), an apostle of Yahusha the Mashiyach by the will of the Elohim, according to the promise of life which is in the Mashiyach Yahusha 

Tit1:1 Polos (Shaul), a servant of Elohim and an apostle of  Yahusha the Mashiyach, according to the faith of those chosen of Elohim and the knowledge of the truth which is according to reverence,

Phm1:1 Polos (Shaul), a prisoner of the Mashiyach Yahusha, and Timothios the brother, to Phileymon the beloved and the assistant with us,

Before we understand why Shaul in his salutations introduces himself as an apostle by the will of Aluahym, we must understand that none of the other apostles who wrote letters had to introduce themselves in this manner. Their salutation was straight forward as 'a servant of Aluahym and of our Adon Yahusha ha Mashiyach' or 'an apostle of Yahusha ha Mashiyach' etc. There are no 'by the will of Aluahym' part in salutations in the other apostle's letters.

Here are the other apostles' salutations: 

Jam1:1 Ya’aqob (James), a servant of Elohim and of our Adon (Master) Yahusha the Mashiyach, ask for peace to the twelve tribes who are in the dispersion.

1Pe1:1 Petros (Kepha), an apostle of Yahusha the Mashiyach, to the inhabitants scattered throughout Pantos, Galatya, Qapodeqia, Asya, and Bithinyia.

2Pe1:1 Shimeon Petros (Kepha), a servant of Yahusha the Mashiyach and His apostle, to them that have obtained the precious faith as that is to us, by the righteousness of our El and our Savior, Yahusha the Mashiyach.

2Joh1:1 The elder to the chosen lady and to her children, whom I love it in truth; and not only I, but also all who know the truth, 

3Joh1:1 The elder to the beloved Gaius, whom I love it in truth. 

Jude1:1 Yahudah, a servant of  Yahusha the Mashiyach, and brother of Ya’aqob (James), to those who are called, in which they are beloved in Elohim the Father, and preserved in Yahusha the Mashiyach:

 An apostle שליח is a sent one/emissary/messenger on behalf of and had to be eyewitnesses of the one who sent him, though not all eyewitnesses were apostles.

1Cor15:4 and He was buried, and He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures,

1Cor15:5 and He was seen by Keypha, after him to the twelve.

1Cor 15:6 After that He was seen by over more than five hundred brothers at one time, of whom many ones remain until now, but some of them have fallen asleep.

1Cor15:7 after that He was seen by Yaaqob, after him by all the apostles.

1Cor15:8 and after all of them, He was seen by me also, as if to one born out of due time.

Shaul the emissary speaking about the resurrection of the dead, speaks of our Master's resurrection and as to who saw him.

1. He first says, He was seen by Kepha: 

1Cor15:5 and He was seen by Keypha, after him to the twelve.

Some Shaul/Paul haters quickly point Luke 24:12 to show Kepha/Shimeon had not seen the resurrected Mashiyach Yahusha yet.

Luke 24:12 Petros (Kepha) arose and ran to the tomb and peered in, but he did not see anything but the burial garments resting there, so he returned to his place, astonished about what had happened.

But the 2 disciples on the road to Emmaus one of them whose name was Qeleophas (Luke 24:18) and the other unknown testify that they saw the risen Yahusha Mashiyach just as was seen by Shimeon (referring to Kepha)

Luke24:34 saying, “saying, "The Adon has risen indeed, and He has appeared to Shimeon”

It's just that the instance of the actual appearance to Shimeon/Kepha is not recorded in the gospels/basharah's.

2. after him to the twelve: Again Paul/Shaul haters point out there were 11 apostles and not 12 as Yahudah Iscariot was dead. What they fail to understand is when Shaul was writing the Corinthian letter, MattithYahu was already incorporated into the 11 as the 12th apostle by lots (which I will touch base a bit later). Also, Thoma was missing when Yahusha had appeared to them.

Acts 1:26 They cast their lots and the lot fell on MattithYahu. and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.

In the first appearance to His apostles, Thoma was not there.

John 20:24 Thoma who is called Didumos, one of the twelve, had not been in their midst when `Yahusha entered. 

Mark 16:14 Finally He appeared to the eleven as they were reclining to eat. He reproached their lack of faith and the hardness of their heart, that they did not believe those who saw Him that He had been awakened from the dead. 

Hence, the sequence of events were as follows: When Yahusha appeared to the apostles, there were 10 of them and Thoma the 11th was missing & Yahuchanan in his basharah/gospel gives a description of his absence and then re-appearing to the 11. MattithYahu had not yet been incorporated into the twelve, he was incorporated post Yahusha's ascension. 

Acts1:22 “beginning with the immersion of Yahuchanan until the day when He was taken up from us, one of these should become a witness with us of His resurrection from the death.” 

Acts1:23 They put forward two: Yoseph called Bar Shabba who was also called Yustos, and MattithiYahu.

Mark 16:14 records 'Finally' showing all of the 11 were together when Yahusha appeared to them. And when Shaul was writing the letter to the Corinthian assembly by then MattithYahu was incorporated into the 12. There is no contradiction here.

3. Seen by over 500 brethren:

1Cor 15:6 After that He was seen by over more than five hundred brothers at one time, of whom many ones remain until now, but some of them have fallen asleep.

Again Paul/Shaul haters say he was lying as there were only 120 disciples in the upper room on Shavout/Pentecost when the Ruach ha Qodesh descended on them.

Acts1:14 All these were continuing together with one heart in prayer, and in supplication. They were the women with Miryam the mother of Yahusha, and with His brothers.

Acts1:15 In those days Petros (Kepha) stood up in the midst of the brethren, (the number of names of crowd together were about one hundred and twenty), and said..

The basarah's/gospels are silent on these over 500 brethren who were eyewitnesses of Mashiyach's resurrection, but Shaul mentioning them has to be seen in the light of scriptures and not hold on to the 120 gathered in the upper room. 

Matt28:7 Go quickly and tell His disciples that He has risen from the dead, and behold, He is going ahead of you into the Galil, and there you shall see Him. Behold, I have told you.

Matt28:8 They quickly went out of the tomb in fear and in great joy, and they ran to report to His disciples. 

Matt28:9 Behold, as they were going to report to His disciples, behold, Yahusha happened upon them and said “Shalom to you.” They approached and grasped His feet and bowed down to Him. 

Matt28:10 Yahusha said to them, “Do not fear. Go and tell My brethren to go on to the Galil, and there they shall see Me.”

 The women who were at the tomb were told by the messenger to report to His disciples that He has risen from the dead and He is going ahead of you into Galil and there you shall see Him as He said to you. And when Yahusha appears to the women and tells them to tell His brethren to go to Galil and there they shall see Me. The appearance to the 11 apostles was in the Upper room where later 120 were gathered in Yerushalayim at Shavout/Pentecost. Galil is not in Yerushalayim.

Where was the Upper room where they gathered?

Acts5:12 Through the hands of the apostles many signs and wonders were done among the people. And they were gathered all with one heart in the porch of Shelomoh.

Luke24:51 And it came to pass as He blessed them, He was separated from them and lifted up to the heavens.

Luke24:52 And they bowed down to Him and then returned to Yerushalam with great joy.

Luke24:53 They were continually in the Temple praising and blessing the Elohim. Aman.

The Upper room was called Shelemoh's porch which was in the temple at Yerushalayim.

Acts 2:6-12 states that huge crowds of people from every nation gathered to hear Kepha speak. Where would there have been room for great crowds of people, who were in Yerushalayim for the Feast of Shavuot/Pentecost, during the time of day that the Temple services would have been held? It would have had to have been somewhere in the Temple area, the only place where there would have been that much space!

Hence, Galil/Galilee is where the angel says the Adon will meet His brethren as He had said to them (which the gospels/basharah's are silent about the instructions given), and Yahusha confirms this with the women returning to witness to His disciples that He is risen.

Logically Yahusha met His apostles & disciples in Yerushalayim in the upper room atleast twice after His resurrection, why was there a need to meet the same audience in Galilee? It doesn't make sense if understood in plain sight. There were many people who had believed in Yahusha prior to His death and resurrection in Galilee, hence, it had to be a larger audience whom Shaul says over 500 brethren saw Him together which the gospels/basharah's are silent about & Shaul the emissary speaks about it.

Matt 28:10 Yahusha said to them, “Do not fear. Go and tell My brethren to go on to the Galil, and there they shall see Me.”

Mark 16:6 He said to them, “Do not be astonished.

You are seeking  Yahusha the Natsri, who was crucified. He has risen; He is not here. Behold, this is the place where they laid Him!”

Mark 16:7 “But as for you, go and tell His disciples and Phetros (Kepha) that He is going before you to the Galil, and there you shall see Him, as He said to you.”

Some attribute this appearance of Yahusha to the Sea of Tiberias incident as stated in Yahuchanan /John 21 where 7 of them went fishing. Again, meeting the 7 out of the 11 disciples at Sea of Galilee/Tiberias doesn't make sense unless we understand there was a reason why He sent them ahead of Him i.e., to gather the over 500 brethren in Galilee which Shaul the emissary speaks about & which the gospels/basharah's are silent about.

John 21:1 And it came to pass afterward things Yahusha appeared once more to His disciples by the Sea of TiberYah, and this is the account of His appearance to them: 

John 21:2 Shimeon Petros (Kepha), and Thoma who is called Didumos, Nethana’El from Qanah which is in the land of the Galil, the sons of Zabday, and two more of His other disciples were sitting together.

4. Seen by Yaaqob, after him by all the apostles:

1Cor15:7 after that He was seen by Yaaqob, after him by all the apostles.

Shaul writes “after him by all the apostles,” at the end of his list, he is referring to the ascension of Yahusha ha Mashiyach. So, the appearance to 500 likely happened before the ascension. It is interesting that he places after that He was seen by Yaaqob. Again, the gospels/basharah's are silent on the solo appearance to Yaqoob the apostle. But both these appearances mentioned in 1Corin 15:7 are different i.e., for Yaaqob a solo appearance and after him all the apostles during the ascension.

Luke24:50 He led them outside the city as far as Bethany, and He lifted His hands and blessed them. 

Luke24:51 And it came to pass as He blessed them, He was separated from them and lifted up to the heavens. 

Luke24:52 And they bowed down to Him and then returned to Yerushalam with great joy.

Mashiyach's ascension took place near Bethany which was on the slope of Mount of Olives. Matthew 28:16-17 passages are when they were in Galil and is not where He was ascended into heaven. Hence, when Shaul says "after him by all the apostles" definitely refers to His ascension.

Matt 28:16 And the eleven disciples went to the Galil, to the mountain that Yahusha had mentioned to them. 

Matt 28:17 They saw Him and bowed down to Him, but there were some of them who doubted.

In between Matthew 28:16-17 are the unspoken 500 brethren with the 11 apostles on the mountain in Galilee out of which some of them were doubting ones. There was no way the 11 would have doubted by now as this was at least a 3rd appearance to the 11 apostles and Thoma the doubters doubt was clarified in Yerushalayim by the Adon when He asked him to put his finger into his side and the nail prints and Thoma had confessed ''My Yahuah, My Aluahym".

Remember Yahusha appeared to His disciples over a period of 40 days after His resurrection, hence, the appearances with their geographical locations is important and significant to understand and distinguish.

Acts 1:3 To whom He also presented Himself alive to them after His suffering, by many proofs, being seen of them forty days and speaking concerning the kingdom of the Elohim.

Acts1:4 While they ate together, He commanded them not to depart from Yerushalam, but to wait for the promise of the Father, which you have heard from Me.

Acts1:12 They returned and went to Yerushalayim from the mount being called the mountain of HaZeythim (Mount of Olives), which is near Yerushalam, as the way of a Shabbat domain.

This is proof that His ascension took place on the Mount of Olives which is near Yerushalayim and not Galilee where He had gone to meet the over 500 brethren.

5. After all of them, Shaul says He was seen by him:

1Cor15:8 and after all of them, He was seen by me also, as if to one born/ (Aramaic: דליחקטא d'alyaHTa /still born child) (Hebrew: דמה Silence as dead) (Greek: ekromati/untimely birth) out of due time.

1Cor15:9 For I am the least of the apostles, and unworthy of being called an apostle, because I persecuted the assembly of the Elohim. 

1Cor15:10 But by the favor of Elohim I am who is that I am, and His favor upon me was not in vain; but I labored even more than all of them, yet not I, but the favor of Elohim which was with me. 

All three words in Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek translated as 'born' actually means 'untimely born' & in verse 9 Shaul tells why he felt this way. In verse 10 He says, he is an apostle by the favor of Aluahym which is with him. Hence, he too was an eyewitness of Yahusha's resurrection when he was on the way to Damascus and heard the Master speak with him in the Hebrew language and was told his mission. The details on his conversion accounts can be read here: Tents of Shem: Shaul's conversion accounts in Acts 9, 22 & 26, contradiction or harmony? (dsouzashodan72.blogspot.com)

Coming back to 1 Corin 15:10 in comparison to his salutation 'by the will of Aluahym' and his salutation to the Galatian assembly 'an apostle (not of the sons of men nor by sons of men), but through Yahusha the Mashiyach and Elohim the Father' is evidence that Shaul is speaking that he was not appointed by casting lots but by Yahusha Himself. He like the 12 (including Yahudah Iscariot) was handpicked by the Adon. This is confirmed in his salutation in 1Tim 1:1... an apostle of the Mashiyach Yahusha  according to the commandment of Elohim our Savior, and of the Adon Yahusha the Mashiyach..

What other sense would it make with these standing out salutations?

We can only understand this based on what 'casting of lots' mean. In OT casting of lots had a significance of wiping out all ambiguity concerning any deal/allotment in settling a matter. The only time casting of lot in a religious ceremony was on the Day of Atonement when Aharon cast lots between the sacrificial goat and the scapegoat (Lev 16:8). Rest all matters it was never part of Torah instruction but was a custom.

Prov 18:18 The lot/goral גורל H1486 causes arguments to cease and decides between the mighty ones. 

'goral' H1486 were colored stones cast to make a decision.

Prov 16:33 The lot is cast into the bosom, but its every decision or act of deciding/mishpat H4941 is from Yahuah.

Proverbs 16:33 should be understood in a proper way as it could mislead people into relying on spiritual decisions by casting lots which is an improper way to do it. What the verse is showing us is that Yahuah is Sovereign, and the act of final deciding is from Yahuah. There can be 2 outcomes of Prov 16:33:

1. What is agreed upon was Yahuah's direct will.

2. Yahuah's permissive will, but His direct will be revealed later in His way as He would align everything according to His will in His time. 

An example of Yahuah's perfect will could be understood from Yonah 1:7

And they said to one another, “Come, let us cast lots, that we may know on whose account this evil has come upon us.” So they cast lots, and the lot fell on Yonah.

The storm in the sea was due to Yonah fleeing away from Yahuah. In order to save the lives of those on the ship, Yahuah allowed the casting of lot to fall on Yonah.

An example of permissive will can be seen here:

There were 7 tribes out of 12 who had not yet received their inheritance. It was necessary that the inheritance would be divided among them so that each tribe receiving their inheritance wouldn't say it was not done fairly. While Yahushua cast lots for them and allotted them the lands as per the lots, the rule was as stated in Jos 18:5 i.e., Yahudah shall stay in its territory in the south and the house of Yoseph shall stay in their territory on the north. 

Jos18:2 There remained among the sons of Yisra’El seven tribes who had not yet received their inheritance.

Jos18:3 So Yahushua said to the sons of Yisra’El, How long shall you fail to go in to possess the land which Yahuah, the El of your fathers, has given you? 

 Jos18:4 Provide for yourselves three men from each tribe that I may send them, and that they may arise and walk through the land and describe it according to their inheritance; then they shall return to me

Jos18:5 They shall divide it into seven portions; Yahudah shall stay in its territory on the south, and the house of Yoseph shall stay in their territory on the north. 

Jos18:6 You shall describe the land in seven divisions and bring the description hither to me. I shall cast lots for you here before Yahuah our El.

But we see in the days of Yeroboam's golden calves, he set up priests from all classes to serve the golden calves and minister to the children of Yasharal. But those faithful i.e., the priests of Levites and few other from other tribes crossed over to Yahudah to be under Rehoboam who served Yahuah.

2Ch 11:13 And from all their borders the priests and the Lĕwites who were in all Yisra’ĕl took their stand with him/Rehaboam. 

2Ch 11:14 For the Lĕwites left their open lands and their possessions and came to Yehuḏah and Yerushalayim, for Yaroḇʽam and his sons had rejected them from serving as priests unto יהוה, 

2Ch 11:15 as he appointed for himself priests for the high places, and for goats, and the calf idols which he had made. 

2Ch 11:16 And after the Lĕwites left, those from all the tribes of Yisra’ĕl, such as set their heart to seek יהוה Elohim of Yisra’ĕl, came to Yerushalayim to offer to יהוה Elohim of their fathers. 

In the days of Asa king of Yahudah many of the scattered of Yasharal crossed over to Yahudah. These people from different tribes were absorbed into Yahudah. Those who remained on the other side were carried captive by the king of Ashshur later because they were unfaithful to Yahuah and worshiped the golden calves and other gods/mighty ones.

2Ch 15:9 and gathered all Yehuḏah and Binyamin, and those who sojourned with them from Ephrayim, and Menashsheh, and Shimʽon, for they came over to him in great numbers from Yisra’ĕl when they saw that יהוה his Elohim was with him/Asa. 

We also see Ephrathites of Bayth Lacham, Yahudah. The inheritance of Ephrayim son of Yoseph was beyond the Yarden so how did they have an inheritance in Bayth Lacham a city of Yahudah?

Jos 17:5 And ten portions fell to Menashsheh, besides the land of Gilʽaḏ and Bashan, which were beyond the Yardĕn,
Jos 17:6 because the daughters of Menashsheh received an inheritance among his sons. And the rest of Menashsheh’s sons had the land of Gilʽaḏ.
Jos 17:7 And the border of Menashsheh was from Ashĕr to Miḵmethath, which is on the face of Sheḵem. And the border went up to the right to the inhabitants of Ěn Tappuwaḥ.
Jos 17:8 The land of Tappuwaḥ belonged to Menashsheh, but Tappuwaḥ on the border of Menashsheh belonged to the children of Ephrayim.

It is interesting to see Kaleb a descendant of the tribe of Yahudah (not Kaleb the son of Yephunneh who also was a Yahudite but this Kaleb was son of Hetsron who was the son of Yahudah)  married Ephrathah who bore him Hur, Shobal, Salma (the father of Bayth Lacham...1 Chr 2:51) & Hareph whereas Yĕsher, Shoḇaḇ, and Ardon were his sons through Azubah his first wife (1 Chr 2:18).  Places are mostly named after their sons as seen throughout the scriptures.

1Ch 2:50 These were the descendants of Kalĕḇ: The son Ḥur, the first-born of Ephrathah: Shoḇal the father of Qiryath Yeʽarim, 

1Ch 2:51  Salma the father of Bĕyth Leḥem, Ḥarĕph the father of Bĕyth Gaḏer. 

1Ch 2:52  And Shoḇal the father of Qiryath Yeʽarim had descendants: Haro’eh, half of the Menuḥothites. 

1Ch 2:53  And the clans of Qiryath Yeʽarim: the Yithrites, and the Puthites, and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites. From these came the Tsorʽathites and the Eshta’olites. 

1Ch 2:54  The sons of Salma: Bĕyth Leḥem, the Netophathites, Atroth Bĕyth Yo’aḇ, and half of the Menaḥtites, and the Tsorʽites. 

1Ch 2:55  And the clans of the scribes who dwelt at Yaḇĕts: the Tirathites, the Shimʽathites, the Suḵathites. These were the Qĕynites who came from Ḥammath, the father of the house of Rĕḵaḇ. 

In 1Chronicles 2:19 her name is written in a short form 'Ephrath'

1Ch 2:18  And Kalĕḇ son of Ḥetsron brought forth children by Azuḇah, his wife, and by Yeriyoth. Now these were her sons: Yĕsher, and Shoḇaḇ, and Ardon. 

1Ch 2:19  And Azuḇah died, and Kalĕḇ took Ephrath as his wife, who bore him Ḥur. 

1Ch 2:20  And Ḥur brought forth Uri, and Uri brought forth Betsal’ĕl. 

1Ch 2:21  And afterward Ḥetsron went in to the daughter of Maḵir the father of Gilʽaḏ, whom he took when he was sixty years old. And she bore him Seḡuḇ. 

1Sa 25:3  And the name of the man was Naḇal, and the name of his wife Aḇiḡayil. And she was a woman of good understanding and good-looking. But the man was hard and evil in his doings. And he was of the house of Kalĕḇ.

Nabal the husband of Abigayil was from the house of Kaleb. This Kaleb was the great-grandfather of the architect Betsal’ĕl.

Exo 35:30 And Mosheh said to the children of Yisra’ĕl, “See, יהוה has called by name Betsal’ĕl son of Uri, son of Ḥur, of the tribe of Yehuḏah, 

1Ch 4:1 The sons of Yahuḏah: Perets, Ḥetsron, and Karmi, and Ḥur, and Shoḇal. 

1Ch 4:2  And Re’ayah son of Shoḇal brought forth Yaḥath, and Yaḥath brought forth Aḥumai and Lahaḏ. These were the clans of the Tsorʽathites. 

1Ch 4:3  And these were of the father of Ěytam: Yizreʽĕl, and Yishma, and Yiḏbash. And the name of their sister was Hatselelponi; 

1Ch 4:4  and Penu’ĕl was the father of Geḏor, and Ězer was the father of Ḥushah. These were the sons of Ḥur, the first-born of Ephrathah the father of Bĕyth Leḥem. 

1Ch 4:5  And Ashḥur the father of Teqowa had two wives, Ḥelah and Naʽarah.

Hur and Shobal were the sons of Kaleb but in 1 Chr 4:1 Kaleb's name is not mentioned but his sons Hur and Shobal are mentioned as sons of Yahudah (not to be understood as direct sons but Yahudah's descendants or great grand children, hence we must link all the scriptures to see the beautiful picture)

1Ch 2:3  The sons of Yahuḏah: Ěr, and Onan, and Shĕlah, the three born to him by the daughter of Shuwa, the Kenaʽanitess. And Ěr, the first-born of Yehuḏah, was evil in the eyes of יהוה, and He slew him. 

1Ch 2:4  And Tamar, his daughter-in-law, bore him Perets and Zeraḥ. All the sons of Yehuḏah were five. 

1Ch 2:5  The sons of Perets: Ḥetsron and Ḥamul. 

1Ch 2:6  And the sons of Zeraḥ: Zimri, and Ěythan, and Hĕman, and Kalkol, and Dara, five of them in all. 

1Ch 2:7  And the son of Karmi was Aḵar, the troubler of Yisra’ĕl, who trespassed in that which was under the ban. 

1Ch 2:8  And the son of Ěythan was Azaryah. 

1Ch 2:9  And the sons of Ḥetsron who were born to him: Yeraḥme’ĕl, and Ram, and Keluḇai

Hetsron who was the father of this Kaleb was son of Perets whom Tamar the daughter-in-law of Yahudah bore for Yahudah. 1 Chr 2:21 records Ḥetsron went in to the daughter of Maḵir the father of Gilʽaḏ, whom he took when he was sixty years old. Makir was the son of Menashsheh son of Yoseph.

Gen 50:23  And Yosĕph saw Ephrayim’s children to the third generation. The children of Maḵir, son of Menashsheh, were also brought up on Yosĕph’s knees. 

Num 26:29  Sons of Menashsheh: of Maḵir, the clan of the Maḵirites. And Maḵir brought forth Gilʽaḏ; of Gilʽaḏ, the clan of the Gilʽaḏites. 

Now let's see the lineage as mentioned in the book of Ruth:

Rth 4:18  And this is the genealogy of Perets: Perets brought forth Ḥetsron. 

Rth 4:19  And Ḥetsron brought forth Ram, and Ram brought forth Amminaḏaḇ. 

Rth 4:20  And Amminaḏaḇ brought forth Naḥshon, and Naḥshon brought forth Salmon. 

Rth 4:21  And Salmon brought forth Boʽaz, and Boʽaz brought forth Oḇĕḏ. 

Rth 4:22  And Oḇĕḏ brought forth Yishai, and Yishai brought forth Dawiḏ. 

1Ch 2:9 And the sons of Ḥetsron who were born to him: Yeraḥme’ĕl, and Ram, and Keluḇai (Kaleb). 

1Ch 2:10  Ram brought forth Amminaḏaḇ, and Amminaḏaḇ brought forth Naḥshon, leader of the children of Yehuḏah; 

1Ch 2:11  Naḥshon brought forth Salma, and Salma brought forth Boʽaz; 

1Ch 2:12  Boʽaz brought forth Oḇĕḏ, and Oḇĕḏ brought forth Yishai; 

1Ch 2:13  Yishai brought forth Eliyaḇ his first-born, and Aḇinaḏaḇ the second, and Shimʽa the third, 

1Ch 2:14  Nethanĕ’l the fourth, Raddai the fifth, 

1Ch 2:15  Otsem the sixth, Dawiḏ the seventh. 

Kelubai is a variant spelling of Kaleb (son of Hetsron who married Ephratah of the daughters of Ephrayim the son of Yoseph ) and he was the brother of Ram. Boaz came from the lineage of Hetsron through Ram and Kaleb the son of Hetsron through marriage to Ephrathah brought forth the Ephrathites who became permanent dwellers in Bayth Lacham which formerly was called 'Ephrath' when the Canaanites dwelt in the land, hence, we see Alaymalak (Elimelech), Naamay (Naomi) and their two sons called as Ephrathites. They are called in Ruth 1:2 as Ephrathites of Bĕyth Leḥem, Yehuḏah.

Mic 5:2  “But you, Bĕyth Leḥem Ephrathah, you who are little among the clans of Yehuḏah, out of you shall come forth to Me the One to become Ruler in Yisra’ĕl. And His comings forth are of old, from everlasting.

Since Ram and Kaleb were blood brothers (1 Chr 2:9) Boaz was the relative on her husband's side but there was one more closer than Boaz to Alaymalak (Elimelech) who has not been named who definitely would be from the lineage of Kaleb the son of Hetsron and he was given the first preference to redeem Naamay/Naomi's land and take Ruth to be his wife to give the dead man (Machlun) a name in Yasharal, but since he refused Boaz the Yahudite the next near kinsman redeemed both the land as well as Ruth. Isn't this amazing! This is evidence of Yahuah's will finally being revealed as He switches over tribes, switches over people from tribes to accomplish His will.

Num 33:54 You shall inherit the land by lot according to your clans. To a large tribe you shall give a large inheritance, and to a small tribe you shall give a small inheritance. Wherever the lot falls for anyone, that shall be his. According to the tribes of your fathers you shall inherit.

Num34:13 So Mosheh commanded the sons of Yisra’El, saying, this is the land which you shall inherit it by lot/goral, which Yahuah  has commanded to give unto the nine tribes, and the half tribe. 

Hence, while the allotment of the land fell to the tribes by lot/goral, the counsel of Yahuah would stand as it is He who marks each person's boundary.

Acts17:26 “All the people of sons of men of one blood dwell on all the surface of the earth, having set the appointed times and the boundaries of their habitation,”

Yahuah shows His decisive will in allowing pagan Roman soldiers fulfilling His will to fulfill scripture. Casting of lots was also done for allotment of priestly duties, gatekeepers, musicians etc in the temple as well so that there is order and binding time in fulfilling their duties without complaining.

John 19:23-24 When the soldiers had impaled Yahusha, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier; also his tunic. But the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom, so they said to one another, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it shall be.” This was to fulfill the Scripture which says, “They divided my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots.” So the soldiers did these things,

1Chr 24:31 These also, the head of each father's house and his younger brother alike, cast lots, just as their brothers the sons of Aaron, in the presence of King David, Zadok, Ahimelech, and the heads of fathers' houses of the priests and of the Levites.

1Chr 25:8 And they cast lots for their duties, small and great, teacher and pupil alike.

But that doesn't mean casting of lots is the right way to choose an apostle as was done by casting lots for MattithYahu. While he would have been taken into the fold in place of Yahudah Iscariot, we see Shaul in his salutations showing that it was he who was chosen by the will of Aluahym, by the commandment of Aluahym, chosen not by man or men.

Acts 1:21-26 So one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time that the Adonay Yahusha went in and out among us, beginning from the immersion of Yahuchanan until the day when he was taken up from us—one of these men must become with us a witness to his resurrection.” And they put forward two, Yoseph called Barsabbas, who was also called Yustus, and MattithYahu. And they prayed and said, “You, Adonay, who know the hearts of all, show which one of these two you have chosen to take the place in this ministry and apostleship from which Yahudah turned aside to go to his own place.” They cast their lots and the lot fell on MattithYahu. and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.

Yahusha had handpicked His 12 apostles initially and hence, the apostles should have waited for Yahusha to hand pick His 12th apostle who would replace Yahudah Iscariot. Moreover, the Adon had instructed His disciples to wait for the Ruach ha Qodesh, it was just 10 days from when the Adon had ascended into heaven, they went ahead in casting lots to determine the 12th apostle. Yahusha in due time revealed who His eyewitness & handpicked apostle would be and through whom most of the Renewed covenant was written.

Acts9:15 But the Adon said to him, “Go, for he is a chosen vessel unto Me, to bear My name before the gentiles and kings and before the sons of Yisra’El”;

Acts9:16 “for I shall show him how much he has to suffer because of My name.” 

Since Yahusha had been on earth for forty days after His resurrection and before His ascension, He could have designated another person to take the place of Yahudah Iscariot, yet He did not. His choice, Shaul of Tarsus, had not yet been converted who would be as one born untimely or out of due time (this is probably when Shaul calls himself as untimely born as he was not with the Master physically before his death and after His resurrection). While Shaul wrote that Yahusha appeared to the 12 i.e., "after him to the twelve", we can clearly see that MattithYahu was not even incorporated as the 12th apostle, but when Shaul wrote the letter to Corinthians he mentioned the complete number as MattithYahu was also a brother (whose geographical location is not mentioned) who would have been an eyewitness of Yahusha but not yet chosen as the 12th apostle yet when actually being the eyewitness to the Adon's resurrection.

1Cor15:5 and He was seen by Keypha, after him to the twelve.

Finally, we saw Prov 16:33 point no 2: 

 Yahuah's permissive will, but His direct will be revealed later in His way as He would align everything according to His will in His time. Hence, looking at Shaul, he was one born out of due time, Yahusha's handpicked apostle. Shalum!

Are we to keep Sabbaths and Feasts of Yahuah in pagan lands? Evidence seen.

 Lev23:2 Speak to the sons of Yisrael and say to them, the appointed times of Yahuah which you shall proclaim them as holy convocations; My appointed times/moeday, they are these:

Lev23:3 For six days work shall be done, but on the seventh day there is a Shabbat of complete rest, a holy convocation. You shall not do any work; it is a Shabbat to Yahuah in all your dwellings. 

Yahuah puts the weekly Shabbat as a moed/appointed time. Here is why? 

1.    Weekly Shabbath (7), stated as moeday (My appointed times in Lev 23, along with the 7 feasts stated after this in the same chapter.

2.    In a 365-day calendar there were exactly 52 Sabbaths (52 x 7). These are excluding the High Sabbaths of the feasts. Adding them would be total 59 Sabbaths in an annual year. 

The high Sabbaths total to 7 (2 high Sabbaths of Unleavened bread + Shavout + Feast of Trumpets + Yom Kippur + 2 Sabbaths of Sukkot). The Shavout 7 x 7 is the first count of the annual Sabbath from first fruits which falls morrow after the weekly Sabbath of Unleavened bread. 

Lev 25:8 You shall count to yourself seven Shabbats of years, seven times seven years, so that the days of the seven Shabbats of years shall be to you forty-nine years.

Lev 25:9 You shall then cause the sound a horn abroad in the seventh month; on the tenth day of month; on the day of atonement, you shall cause a horn all through your land.

Lev25:10 You shall thus consecrate the year, the fiftieth year, and proclaim a release through the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you, and each of you shall return to his own property, and each of you shall return to his family. 

Post Babylonian captivity, some of the Yahudites because of the 70 years of captivity for not observing the 70 Shemitah cycles when in the land, were careful and broke down their Sabbaths to 7 x 7 + 1 = 50 days and named their 50^th day as azteret. They started following the pentecontad calendar, (from πεντηκοντάς pentēkontás) which is an agricultural calendar system thought to be of Amorite origin in which the year is broken down into seven periods of fifty days (a total of 350 days), with an annual supplement of fifteen or sixteen days. In Akkadian, the pentecontad calendar was known as hamšâtum and the period of fifteen days at the end of the year was known to Babylonians as shappatum. The liturgical calendar of the Essenes at Qumran was a pentecontad calendar, marked by festivals on the last day of each fifty-day period such as the Feast of New Wine, the Feast of Oil, and the Feast of New Wheat. 

Now you analyze brethren, there are so many calendars floating today and each camp says they are following the true calendar, some of them off the top of my head are:

 

1.    Solar calendar

2.    Lunar calendar

3.    Luni solar calendar

4.    Pentecontad calendar (followed by esennes in Qumran) 

Pentecontad: The Dead Sea Scrolls, such as 4Q325, 4Q326, 4Q327, and 4Q394, contain a variety of calendar systems, some of which may represent a transition from the more ancient lunar phase week toward the modern fixed week. Among these various calendars can be found the fixed seven-day week, in a calendar of fifty-two weeks, which includes seven-week cycles just like the ancient lunar phase calendars. Now how they broke up the annual year into 50 x 7 is a mystery to me. For me when I see so much division in the Hebrew camps with each one stating my calendar is true is evidence as stated by the nabi Yoel that in the last days the sun will turn dark, the moon into blood and the stars will fall before the great day of Yahuah. The sign is clearly visible and understood spiritually as stated earlier that the sun, moon and stars stood figuratively for Yasharal. 

If Lev 23 puts Sabbath as a moeaday (My appointed time) then it has to be in the land. Let me show you how. 

Ex 13:5 It shall be when Yahuah brings you to the land of the Kanaanite, the Chittite, the Emorite, the Chiuite and the Yebusite, which He swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, that you shall observe this service in this month.

Ex 13:6 For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to Yahuah.

Ex 13:7 Unleavened bread shall be eaten the seven days; and nothing leavened shall be seen among you, nor shall any leaven be seen among you in all your borders. 

There we go, it says in the land. This is further clarified as ‘the place where Yahuah your Aluahym causes His name to be called.’ 

Deut 12:5 But you shall seek to the place which Yahuah your El shall choose from all your tribes, to establish His name there for His dwelling, and there you shall come. 

Deut 16:2 You shall sacrifice the Passover to Yahuah your El from the flock and the herd, in the place where Yahuah chooses to establish His name there. 

Deu 26:2 that you shall take some of the first of all the produce of the ground which you bring in from your land that Yahuah your El gives you, and you shall put it in a basket and go to the place where Yahuah your Elohim chooses to establish His name. 

1 Kings 14: 21 Now Rehoboam the son of Solomon reigned in Judah. Rehoboam was forty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned seventeen years in Yerushalayim, the city which Yahuah had chosen from all the tribes of Israel to put His name there. And his mother’s name was Naamah the Ammonitess. 

2Ki 21:4 And he built altars in the house of Yahuah, of which Yahuah had said, In Yerushalam I shall put My name. 

2Chr 6:6 but I have chosen Yerushalam that My name to be there, and I have chosen Dawid to be over My people Yisra’El. 

3 times a year it was compulsory that every male, whichever part of the world he was in had to come to Yerushalayim for the 3 pilgrim feasts 1. Unleavened bread 2. Shavout/Pentecost & 3. Sukkot/Feast of Tabernacles. 

Ex 23:14 Three times in a year you shall celebrate a feast to Me. 

Ex 23:15 You shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the appointed time in the month Abib, for in it you came from Mitsrayim. And none shall appear before Me empty-handed. 

Ex 23:16 And the Feast of the Harvest of the first fruits of your labors which you sow in the field; And the Feast of the Ingathering at the end of the year when you gather your labors from the field. 

Ex 23:17 Three times in a year all your males shall appear before the face of the Adon (the Master) Yahuah. 

Deut 16:16 Three times in a year all your males shall appear before Yahuah your El in the place which He chooses it, at the Feast of Unleavened Bread and at the Feast of Shabbuot and at the Feast of Sukkot, and they shall not appear before Yahuah empty-handed. 

Summary of what I have covered so far: 

1.    Sabbath is listed with the moead/feast in Lev 23.

2.    There are so many calendars floating with each camp saying they are right with their calendar. The evidence is there of the sun, moon and stars darkening. New addition comment: Yahuah has sent the lying spirit in the mouth of his nebim who are teaching lies, putting fear of Torahlessness for not observing the feasts and Sabbaths.

3.    The moead/feast had to be in the place where Yahuah chooses His name to be called.

4.    Yerushalayim was the place Yahuah chose to call His name upon.

5.    3 times a year every male had to appear before Yahuah not without a gift, at the Feast of Unleavened Bread and at the Feast of Shabbuot and at the Feast of Sukkot.

6.    New added comment: Shaul the emissary likens the present Yerushalayim (his time Yerushalayim) with Hagar the bondwoman and her children. 

Gal 4:25 For Sinay is a mountain in Arab and it corresponds to the present of Yerushalam, for she is in slavery with her children. 

Which of the above commands are you following knowing that we are in dispersion i.e., not in the land? 

Jam 1:1 Ya’aqob (James), a servant of Elohim and of our Adon (Master) `Yahusha the Mashiyach, ask for peace to the twelve tribes who are in the dispersion. 

1Pe 1:1 Petros (Kepha), an apostle of Yahusha the Mashiyach, to the inhabitants scattered throughout Pantos, Galatya, Qapodeqia, Asya, and Bithinyia, 

Historical evidence of Yasharal & Yahudah’s dispersion: 

Ps 137:1 By the rivers of Babel, there we sat down and also we wept, when we remembered Tsion.

Ps 137:2 Upon the willows in the midst of it we hung our harps.

Ps 137:3 For there our captors asked us the words of a song, and our tormentor's mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Tsion.

Ps 137:4 How can we sing the song of Yahuah in a foreign land? 

Hos2:9 Therefore, I shall return and take My grain at harvest time and My new wine in its season. I shall take away My wool and My flax to cover her nakedness.

Hos2:10 And then I shall uncover her shamefulness in the sight of her lovers, and a man shall no deliver her out of My hand.

Hos2:11 I shall also put an end to all her joy, her feasts, her Chadashs (new months), and her Shabbats and all her solemn feasts/moead. 

In Hoshea Yahuah says He will return to take His grain at harvest time and His new wine in its season, but will Yasharal or Yahudah be able to offer it? No, they won’t as they will be in captivity/dispersion of nations. He puts an end to all her joy, her new months, her Sabbaths and all her moead/feasts. 

2Chr 36:20 And them that had escaped from the sword he carried away to Babel; and they were servants to him and to his sons until the rule of the kingdom of Paras,

2Chr36:21 to fulfill the word of Yahuah by the mouth of YiremYahu, until the land had enjoyed its Shabbats. All the days of its desolation it kept its Shabbat, to fulfill seventy years. 

The 7^th day Sabbath is tied to the land and the Shemitah. How does the counting of omer take place? 7 x 7 Sabbaths +1 i.e., the 50^th day is Shavout/Pentecost. 

Genesis records that Yahuah had not caused it to rain on the earth and a mist went up from the ground and watered the earth for there was no man to till the ground. 

Gen 2:4 These are the births of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that יהוה Elohim made earth and heavens.5 Now no shrub of the field was yet on the earth, and no plant of the field had yet sprung up, for יהוה  Elohim had not sent rain on the earth, and there was no man to till the ground, 6 but a mist went up from the earth and watered the entire surface of the ground. 

During Shemitah, the land is left to lie fallow and all agricultural activity, including plowing, planting, pruning and harvesting, is forbidden. Speaking of Yasharal's dispersion into the nation's, Yahuah foretold them when giving them the promised land. 

Lev 26:33 ‘And I shall scatter you among the nations and draw out a sword after you. And your land shall be desert and your cities ruins, 34 and the land enjoy its Sabbaths as long as it lies waste and you are in your enemies land. Then the land would rest and enjoy its Sabbaths. 35 ‘As long as it lies waste it rests, for the time it did not rest on your Sabbaths when you dwelt in it.

The infinite Alahym made the entire creation by entering into it in 6 days & the 7^th day He rested from all His works. The cycle of 7 shows that each day is reckoned as a 1000 years as stated in 2Pet3:8

2Pe 3:8 But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with YAHUAH as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.

Man is finite and within the perimeter of these 7,000 years in a Shemitah cycle of judgement and release from the judgement.

Here are some examples: 

Qayin if killed will be avenged 7 fold and Lamech 70 and 7 fold Gen 4:15,24

Ark rested in the 7th month Gen 8:4

Noach tarried another 7 days in the ark Gen 8:10,12

7 years of plentiful and 7 years of famine in Mitsrayim Gen 41:2-3

Exo 1:5 All those who came from the loins of Yaaqob including Yahusaph were 70 who entered Mitsrayim

There are 7 high Shabbaths in the feasts

Shemitah cycle of 7 years, 6 years ploughing and 7th to eat what grows of itself 50th year jubilee where 7 x 7 +1 shows the release of lands, slaves etc.

Release of Hebrew slaves every 7 years,  70 elders chosen from Yasharal Num 11:16

Sins of ignorance required kohen to sprinkle the blood of the sacrifice 7 times before the sanctuary

Altar and sanctuary sanctification required kohen to sprinkle blood 7 times Lev 8:11

Lepers cleansing also required sprinkling of blood 7 times Lev 14:7

The census of Yasharal by Daud caused 70,000 to die due to pestilence

Days of our life 70 years Ps 90:10

Yahusha appointed 70 men and sent them out before His face Luke 10:1

Forgiveness 70 times 7 Matt 18:22

Feeding of 5000 with 2 fish and 5 loaves = 7 (Matt 14:17)

Lamb among 7 lampstands Rev 1:12-13

Mystery of 7 stars in his hand Rev 1:20

Lamb having 7 eyes, 7 horns, 7 ruachoth of Alahym Rev 5:6

In the book of Revelation there are seven assemblies, seven angels to the seven assemblies, seven seals, seven trumpet plagues, seven thunders and the seven last plagues. The first resurrection of the dead takes place at the 7th trumpet, completing salvation for the assembly 7 moeadim/feasts completed in the 7th month.

7 days make a week and the counting of omer is in 7's i.e. 7 x 7 to Shavout 

Alaysha asked Naaman to wash in Yarden by immersing 7 times so that his flesh would be clean 2Kings 5:10

Exo 22:30 the kid of the calf was to be with its mother for 7 days and 8th day it belonged to Yahuah

Yasharal was asked to march around Yericho for six days and on 7th day they were to march 7 times

The rainbow has 7 colors and Yahuah gave it as a covenant Gen 9:12-16

The rainbow imagery is seen in Revelation 4:3 where the one seated on the throne's appearance was as Jasper and Ruby which are the stones in the High priests chest breastplate as the last and the first stone Exo 28:17-20

Yaaqob served 7 years for Rachel and when cheated by Laban when he gave her Leah, he served another 7 years for her

When the Yasharalites entered captivity, they resided in Babylon for 70 years (7 x 10, YarmeYahu 25:8-12).

Every seven years was supposed to be a year of rest (the year of Jubilee had other items in addition to this).

Yasharalites failed to observe 70 Sabbath years, hence the 70 years in captivity. Lev 25, 2Chr36:21

We find seven pairs of each clean animal on the ark (Genesis 7:2); seven branches on the tabernacles lampstand

(Exodus 25:37); seven things Yahuah hates in Proverbs 6:16

Multiples of 7 also figure into scriptural narrative: the “seventy weeks” prophecy in Daniel 9:24 concerns 490 years (7 times 7 times 10).

Heb 9:22 says almost all things according to Torah are purified by blood and without shedding of blood there is no remission of sins

Yahuah put everything under the Shemitah cycle of favor and judgement to transition creation into freedom from slavery to the completeness of Mashiyach. A transition from physical Shemitah to spiritual Shemitah in Mashiyach, in the New Creation Order.

All generations from Abraham to Mashiyach were 42 (14+14+14) (7 x 2 + 7 x 2 + 7 x 2) generations. Yahuah told Abraham that his seed would be afflicted, Gen 15:13

Shaul emissary says the promise was not to seeds as of many but Seed who is Mashiyach. Gal 3:16 

Matt 1:17 So all the generations from Abraham to Dawid were fourteen generations, and from Dawid until the exile to Babel were fourteen generations, and from the exile to Babel until the Messiah were fourteen generations. 

Hos 11:1 “When Yasharal was a child, I loved him, and out of Mitsrayim I called My son. 

Matt 2:15 and remained there until the death of Herodes,to fill what was spoken by יהוה through the prophet, saying,“Out of Mitsrayim I have called My Son. 

We all fall into the sonship inheritance being delivered from the bondage of slavery and this was only possible when Yahusha ha Mashiyach took a finite position in creation coming as the Son and being part of the Shemittah cycle to deliver us from bondage of slavery.

When Yahuah rested on the 7th day, He ceased from all His work as His work of Salvation was finished from the foundation of this world and completed in time when He subjected Himself to be part of creation in humility ie. By transforming Himself and journeying us in Himself as the New Creation.

Some recommended video’s/reading

 

Transition to Pre Torah age - YouTube 

 

Tents of Shem: Why did Yahusha mikveh in the wilderness? (dsouzashodan72.blogspot.com)

 Yahuchanan/John the Baptist was a Zadok priest lineage, his father ZecharYah served in the haykal as a priest. Why did John not serve as a priest in the temple and came with a message of repentance in the wilderness? This note covers it. I have also touch based on the yonah/dove significance in this note.

The Sabbath and Pesach in the wilderness:

Num 9:1 Thus Yahuah spoke to Mosheh in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying,

Num 9:2 Now, let the sons of Yisra’El prepare the Passover at its appointed time.

Num 9:5 They observed the Passover in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, between the evenings, in the wilderness of Sinai; according to all that Yahuah had commanded Mosheh, so the sons of Yisra’El did.

Num 15:32 Now while the sons of Yisra’El were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering wood on the Shabbat day.

Num 15:33 Those who found him gathering wood brought him to Mosheh and to Aharon and to all the congregation.

Num15:34 and they put him in custody because it had not been declared what should be done to him.

Num15:35 Then Yahuah said to Mosheh, the man shall surely be put to death; all the congregation shall stone him with stones outside the camp.

Num15:36 So all the congregation brought him outside the camp and stoned him to death with stones, just as Yahuah had commanded Mosheh.

Jos 5:5 For all the people who came out were circumcised, but all the people who were born in the wilderness along the way as they came out of Egypt had not been circumcised.

Jos 5:6 For the sons of Yisra’El walked forty years in the wilderness, until all the nation, that is, the men of war who came out of Egypt, perished because they did not listen to the voice of Yahuah, to whom Yahuah had sworn that He would not show them the land which Yahuah had sworn to their fathers to give us, a land flowing with milk and honey.

Jos 5:7 Their sons whom He raised up in their place, Yahushua circumcised them; for they were uncircumcised, because they had not circumcised them along the way.

Jos 5:8 And it came to pass, when all the nation had finished being circumcised, they remained in their places in the camp until they were healed.

Jos 5:9 Then Yahuah said to Yahushua, this day I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you. So, the name of that place is called Gilgal/galgal גלגל to this day.

Jos 5:10 While the sons of Yisra’El camped at Gilgal they prepared the Passover on the evening of the fourteenth day of the month on the plains of Yericho.

Where was Yahusha impaled? At Galgaltha. This was the place where actually the reproach of Mitsrayim/Egypt was laid off. The physical circumcision and the physical entry into Promised land shadowed the heart circumcision and entry into New Yerushalayim just as Abraham and our fathers never considered Kennan to be the promised land but looked towards the Heavenly country.

There are many who teach that Yasharal observed the Sabbbath and the feasts in the wilderness of Sinai i.e., before they entered the land, hence we must observe it even though we are outside the land.

Firstly, we must remember the perimeter of the land & the historical setting of Yasharal before making such assumptions. There as no Sabbath or any feasts observed in Mitsrayim/Egpyt before the Torah came (Except for Pesach which had a lifesaving significance of all firstborn of Yasharal). The scripture doesn’t record any of the father’s before written Torah came, observing any of the appointed times or Shabbaths in their sojourning. The first Pesach was observed in Mitsrayim/Egypt when the actual killing of the firstborn took place. This would be the only time (first and the last time) any Pesach would be done on foreign soil as this was to save them from the destroyer.

These are spiritual things, and we need to discern spiritually.

The context of observing this festival literally was related to the land: lets re-read verse 25 “And it shall be, when you come to the land which Yahuah gives you as He promised you will guard this service.

Exo 12:25 “And it shall be, when you come to the land which יהוה gives you, as He promised, that you shall guard this service.

Exo 12:26 “And it shall be, when your children say to you, ‘What does this service mean to you?’

Exo 12:27 then you shall say, ‘It is the Pěsaḥ slaughtering of יהוה, who passed over the houses of the children of Yisra’ěl in Mitsrayim when He smote the Mitsrites and delivered our households.’” And the people bowed their heads and did obeisance.

Then why was there an interim Pesach in the wilderness?

There were 3 Pesach’s Yasharal observed before it became a norm for Yasharal to guard/shamar the Pesach while in the land.

The one Yahushua did was the third Passover in Yasharal’s history. The first two were kept under Moses— (1) in Mitsrayim/Egypt, when Yahuah delivered them; (2) the second at Sinai, when He had “brought them unto Himself.” (3) The third is on the other side of the Yarden under Yahushua. Two belong to the Exodus, or going out; one to the entrance, or coming into the land. There were no year-on-year Passover’s observed in the wilderness for 40 years as some assume. The simple reason being when you read Joshua 5, we see the entire nation of Yasharal who were circumcised were wiped out in the wilderness because of their hardness of their hearts and rebellion against Yahuah. Their children were raised up in their place which was a new generation and were uncircumcised, and once they crossed the Yarden, Joshua had them circumcised at the command of Yahauh and named the place Gilgal so as to take away their reproach.

Ex 12:48 But if a stranger H1616/gar גר sojourns with you, and celebrates the Passover to Yahuah, let every male be circumcised to him, and then let him come near to celebrate it; and he shall be like a native of the land. But anyone uncircumcised shall not eat of it.

Kindly observe the connection between the Passover and circumcision. The law in Exodus 12:48 is, “no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.” Hence, while they wandered in the wilderness, this uncircumcised generation could not keep the Pesach. We need to be consistent in interpreting scripture by comparing the texts in determining the conditions of observance. Joshua 5:5 records all those who came out of Mitsrayim were circumcised but the generation born in the wilderness were not circumcised.

Hence, we see only one Pesach observed at Sinai in the first month of the 2^nd year from their Exodus from Mitsrayim.

Num 9:1 Thus Yahuah spoke to Mosheh in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying,

Num 9:2 Now, let the sons of Yisra’El prepare the Passover at its appointed time.

Mosheh/Masha records that the journey from Mt Sinai/Choreb (same mountain) was just 11 days to Qadesh Barnea by the way of Mount Seir but they wandered 40 years in the wilderness back and forth Mount Horeb/Sinai. Out of the 40 years of wilderness journey 38 years they were near Mt Choreb/Sinai and 2 years they crossed the Yarden to be in the land of Moab which was part of the promised land. Now this Moab was allotted to the Reubenites. Here is the proof. Kindly read the scriptures.

Nu 21:26 For Heshbon was the city of Sihon the king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab, and taken all his land out of his hand, even unto Arnon.

Ruth was a Reubenite by birth, Moabitess by geographical location, married to Machlon who died and left her childless, she was now an Ephrathite having married Machlon and being a widow and without any inheritance as her in laws had sold everything and moved to sojourn in the land of Moab where Naomi lost her husband and her two sons.

Jos 13:8 With them the other half tribe the Re’uḇĕnites and the Gaḏites received their inheritance, which Mosheh had given them, beyond the Yardĕn eastward, as Mosheh the servant of יהוה had given them: 

Jos 13:9 from Aroʽĕr which is on the bank of the wadi Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the wadi, and all the plain of Mĕyḏeḇa as far as Diḇon; 

Jos 13:10 and all the cities of Siḥon sovereign of the Amorites, who reigned in Ḥeshbon, as far as the border of the children of Ammon;  

Num 32:37 And the children of Re’uḇĕn built Ḥeshbon and Elʽalĕh and Qiryathayim,  

Rut 1:1 Now it came about in the days when the judges governed, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Beyth lechem in Yahudah went to sojourn in the field of Moab, he, and his wife and his two sons. 

Deut 1:1 These are the words which Mosheh spoke to all Yisra’El across the Yarden in the wilderness, in the Arabah opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel and Laban and Chazeroth and Dizahab.

Deut 1:2 It is eleven days journey from Choreb by the way of Mount Seir to Qadesh-Barnea.

Deut 1:3 And it came to pass, in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month on the first day of the month, Mosheh spoke to the sons of Yisra’El, according to all that Yahuah had commanded him concerning them.

Deut 1:4 after he had defeated Sichon the king of the Emorites, who lived in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei.

Deut 1:5 Across the Yarden in the land of Moab, Mosheh undertook to expound this law, saying,

Deut 2:14 Now the days in which we came from Qadesh-barnea until that we crossed over the brook Zared was thirty-eight years, until all the generation of the men of war perished from within the camp, as Yahuah had sworn to them.

Deut 2:15 And the hand of Yahuah was also against them, to destroy them from within the camp until they were consumed.

Mt Choreb/Sinai was within the perimeter of the promised land and that’s why Stephen calls Yasharal as assembly in the wilderness.

Acts 7:38 “This is he who was in the assembly in the wilderness with the messenger who spoke to him on Mount Sinay, and with our fathers, who received the living words to give to us,”

Shaul the emissary also likens this to the present unbelieving & uncircumcised in heart Yerushalayim (of his time) as Hagar in slavery with her children. Like Stephen he puts Mt Sinai within the promised land perspective as well.

Gal 4:25 For this Hagar is Mt Sinay in Arab and it corresponds to the present of Yerushalam, for she is in slavery with her children.

The name Hagar הגר : The name Hagar means ‘flight/the stranger. Remember we saw the word stranger H1616/gar גר in Exo 12:48. And Hagar was an Egyptian. 

Ex 12:48 But if a stranger H1616/gar גר sojourns with you, and celebrates the Passover to Yahuah, let every male be circumcised to him, and then let him come near to celebrate it; and he shall be like a native of the land. But anyone uncircumcised shall not eat of it. 

The Tabernacle in the wilderness:

We also need to understand that there was no Sabbath or feast until the Tabernacle of Witness was set up. And a literal command to build a physical Tabernacle with all its elements were all part of the Torah of sin and death for Yahuah said explicitly that he doesn’t dwell in Tabernacles made by man. His original plan and always was to pitch His Tent with us, to dwell within us just as Shaul says we are temple of the Ruach Ha Qodesh.

Acts 7:44 The tabernacle of witness was with our fathers in the wilderness, as He commanded who spoke with Moshe in which he make it according to the pattern which he had seen,

Acts 7:45 which also our fathers having received it in turn, also brought with Yahushua (Joshua) with them into the land possessed by the gentiles whom Elohim drove out them before the presence of our fathers, unto the days of Dawid.

Acts 7:46 Who (David) found favour in the sight of Elohim, and asked that he might find a dwelling place for the El of Yaaqob,

Acts 7:47 but Solomon built a house for Him.

We have Numbers 9 recording that the children of Yasharal journeyed when the cloud was lifted up from the Taberncle whether by day or by night at the command of Yahuah.

Num 9:21 And so when the cloud remained from evening until morning, when the cloud was lifted in the morning, they journeyed; whether by day or by night, when the cloud was lifted, they journeyed.

Num 9:22 Whether it was two days or a month or days that the cloud lingered over the tabernacle, staying above it, the sons of Yisra’El encamped and did not journey; but when it was lifted, they did journey.

Num 9:23 At the command of Yahuah they camped, and at the command of Yahuah they journeyed; they kept/shamaru the charge/mishmereth משמרת  of Yahuah, according to the command of Yahuah by the hand of Mosheh.

משמרת  mishmereth H4931 is from משמר H4929 which means guard/charge/keep/safeguard/custodian and also has the root word shamarשמר  which also means to keep/guard. 

The mishmar משמר  was Yahuah, a guardian to them in the wilderness journey where the place He Himself was, and the place which falls within the perimeter of the promised land. 

We also saw the word galgal גלגל/Gilgal which means ‘wheels rolling’ where Yahuah says He took away the reproach of Yasharal when He commanded them to be circumcised before eating the Passover when they had crossed over the Yarden. This same word is root word in Galgaltha which also means ‘skull’, the place Yahusha was impaled was called ‘Galgatha’.

Eze 10:13 As for the wheels it was cried to them in my hearing, Whirling wheel/galgal גלגל!

The cherubims were heading in a direction and it was cried out to them to head to galgal. That’s where the Master is. That’s where the reproach is removed.

Heb13:11 For the bodies of beasts, whose blood were brought in the sanctuary to the atonement of sin by the hand of the high priest, are burned outside the camp.

Heb13:12 For this, Yahusha also, that He might sanctify the people through His own blood, suffered outside the gate.

Heb13:13 Let us therefore go out to Him outside the camp, bearing His reproach.

Heb13:14 For we do not have a lasting city here, but we seek the city which is to come.

Conclusion:

I showed evidence that the feasts and Sabbath were to be observed in the land, the place where Yahuah would call His name on. And the place was Yerushalayim which Shaul the emissary shows that the earthly Yerushalayim is like a STRANGER/Hagar in bondage with her children. So, the transition has happened where we are out of the promised land into pagan lands, and I showed evidence that we can’t do the Sabbaths and feasts/moeadim in foreign lands and also showed you Yasharal’s & Yahudah’s perspective when in captivity.

The uncleanliness of Yasharal today:

We must not forget all of Yahusha's disciples were at the Pesach the night before with the Master himself, while the Yahudites had yet to kill their Pesach sacrifice on the evening of Yahusha's death. 

John 19:31 Then the Jews, because it was the ereb Shabbat (translated as Preparation), so that the bodies would not remain on the stake on the Shabbat (for that Shabbat was a high day), asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

The Abary word 'ereb ערב' H6153 means 'evening' and also means 'meddle/mingle/barter/mix'. The Yahudites in John 18:28 wouldn't enter in the Praetorium to not defile themselves but might eat the Passover. 

John 18:28 And it came to pass as early in the morning, they led Yahusha from the house of Qayapha to the house of the justice. But they did not enter there so that they would not become impure but could eat the Passover. 

Shaul uses the same word in Gal 4:25 showing they didn't transition to the Ruach.

Gal 4:25 For this Hagar is Mt Sinay in EREB  ערב and it corresponds to the present of Yerushalam, for she is in slavery with her children. 

This is also tied to wayahiy ereb wayahiy boqer (This is what happened next evening, this is what happened next morning) and we see this phrase in Hebrew mindset shows something from the past is journeying to a future goal. The Ereb Pesach without the Jews knowing was going to be their last one for there would be a switch over in a transition by Yahusha ha Mashiyach Himself.

1Co 5:7  Therefore cleanse out the old leaven, so that you are a new lump, as you are unleavened. For also Messiah our Pěsaḥ was slaughtered for us.

And here in John 19:31 they request Pilate that their legs might not be broken and their bodies not remain on the stake so that their high Shabbat be not broken. They had not yet eaten their Passover. So, what is happening here? According to their calendar they were still on the 13th of Abib which began the previous evening, so at closing the 13th evening transitioning to 14th Abib according to their sunset to sunset time measure they would kill their Pesach lamb, which actually they had to kill the earlier evening  and watch the night as Torah states eating the roasted lamb along with the Unleavened Bread right until the 21st day of the first month. Remember, Yahusha observed the Pesach the previous night with his talmidim (disciples). 

They broke Torah, because we saw Yahusha observed the Pesach the previous evening with his disciples and in the morning when he was brought before Pilate at 6 am it was already the feast of Unleavened bread which was a high Shabbat and they didn't realize this and impaled him on the high Shabbat. However, unknowingly they fulfilled the exact timing in a way because when Yahusha was dying on the stake the people would have started preparing the sacrificing of the Pesach Lamb along with the daily evening sacrifice.

This is the same state of those claiming as part of Yasharal as they have different days for Sabbaths and feast days and each camp says I am right and you are wrong. An evidence of Yasharal’s uncleanliness and an awaiting wrath from Yahusha for disobedience to His command “In the place where my name is called”.

 I urge all readers to carefully read and compare spiritual things with spiritual and come out of the physical Shemitah and the carnal elements tied to it to transition to the Ruach Shemitah in Yahusha ha Mashiyach who Himself stands in the transition from invisible Yahuah to being the visible Yahusha taking on a true Tent which we must pursue as the goal of the Torah. Yahuah has transformed Himself and you won’t find Him anywhere else but in the person of Yahusha. Humble yourself and have the right behaviour of a true Yahudite.